There are five basic types of surface mining, including open-pit mining, strip mining, dredging, mountaintop removal, and high wall mining. All of these methods remove the waste material or the overburden, which is above the desired resource. Often, surface mining is preferred over underground mining, or subsurface mining, for numerous reasons.
Table 3: Energy consumption for open-pit and underground mining Crushing (80% less Open-pit mining Underground mining than 15 mm) 5-10 kw/t raw material 20-50 kw/t raw material 2-5 kw/t treated material Based on the data of table 3 and a number of previous studies, most surface (open-pit) operations require 5 to 10 kwh energy equivalents/ton of ...
Dec 23, 2018· Open-pit mining is either done with a fleet of haul trucks (some now automated) or an in-pit crushing and conveying system (IPCC). Underground mines are accessed via a shaft or ramp.
1) Surface mining: includes i) Mechanical excavation methods {such as. Open-pit (or Open-cut or Open-cast); Terrace; and Strip mining}. Aqueous methods {such as placer and solution mining}. 2) Underground mining: is usually classified in three categories of …
Strip Mining Vs Open Pit Mining. ... such as placer mining, subsurface mining, and mountaintop mining. level 1. ... I did a term paper three years ago comparing the ecological and geographical impacts of surface mining and underground mining. level 1-1 points · 4 years ago. Go ask r/geology.
Geometry. Strip mines form a 'strip', or lateral cut along the terrain, like a big ditch or trench, from which the material of interest (typically, in strip mines, coal) is removed sequentially along the trench, and then the former covering materi...
Feb 20, 2020· There are four main mining methods: underground, open surface (pit), placer, and in-situ mining. Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits. Surface mines are typically used for more shallow and less valuable deposits.
Aug 22, 2014· In open-pit mining, minerals are extracted by digging a big hole in the ground. Strip mining is like open-pit mining except the material is removed in long strips. In mountain-top removal, a mountain top is completely removed to get to the level of the ore. Placer mining is the removal of ore that has been deposited in the gravel of a stream ...
Compare the different mining methods of underground, open-pit, strip, and placer mining, as well as mountaintop removal. Underground mining can cause natural gas explosions and pollutions, open pit mining ruins the landscape and creates dangerous quarries that end up being garbage pits further polluting the area.
Learn more about open-pit mining. 2. Underground mining. Underground mining is used to extract ore from below the surface of the earth safely, economically and with as little waste as possible. The entry from the surface to an underground mine may be through a horizontal or vertical tunnel, known as an adit, shaft or decline.
Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and the rock covering the mineral deposits are removed. It is the other way of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left behind, and the required mineral deposits are removed through shafts or tunnels.. Surface mining is basically employed when deposits of commercially viable minerals or rock are found closer to the surface ...
Jul 03, 2015· So strip mining or more often open-pit mining is the preferred method of getting the conglomerate rock containing gold from the greenbelt layers for processing. The first step on the process is to establish where a favorable open pit gold mine should be established.
THIRD YEAR DIPLOMA IN MINE VENTILATION. Surface mining: open pit; strip, quarry, placer mining; terminology, planning and engineering design. Stripping methods, excavation and loading, ore grade control, dewatering and drainage, drilling equipment.Surface coal mining. Underground mining methods; open stopes, cut and fill, shrinkage, timber and ...
Mining from the surface down to the formation targeted. Underground mining, tunneling down to the formation and then horizontally excavating leaving piers/columns in places to support the roof. Often times once the resource is recovered "retreat m...
on open-pit and underground mining, the obtained statistical results were shown that the relative open-pit and underground mining costs rate almost is 9.5/2.1 [10]. Finally, it is clear that underground mine costs are normally higher than surface, which means that a lower cutoff grade can normally be used in a …
Compare the different mining methods of underground, open-pit, strip, and placer mining, as well as mountaintop removal. Underground mining can cause natural gas explosions and pollutions, open pit mining ruins the landscape and creates dangerous quarries that end up being garbage pits further polluting the area.
Mar 02, 2016· An Overview of the Open Pit Mining Process. Open-pit mining which is sometimes referred to as open cut mining, opencast mining or simply strip mining is a mining technique that extracts important minerals from a borrow or an open pit. There are two types of mining methods commonly used in large scale mineral mining; open pit mining and tunneling.
The common extraction methods are surface (or open pit) mining and sub-surface (or underground) mining, or a combination of both. Surface mining Open-pit mining is used if near-surface ore body is massive or when it occurs in steeply-dipping lode(s), sheeted vein systems, pipes, or makes up the bulk of the country rock as in disseminated or ...
Examples for Underground Mining Important Terms of Underground Mining . Some. ... Mining Terms . Types of Mining . Types of Mining . Surface Mining: Open Pit Mining: Massive stock-work deposits –gold, copper . Strip Mining: Bedded deposits –coal, phosphates . Quarry Mining: aggregates, marble, granite . Placer Mining: minerals in alluvium ...
The two different kinds of surface mining are strip and open-pit mining. Open-pit includes digging out rocks from the borrow or open pit and has stepped sides to minimize the risk of collapse at the mining site. Whereas strip mining is used to extract shallow deposits where the mineral layer is covered by soft topsoil and weathered rocks.
Compare the different mining methods of underground, open-pit, strip, and placer mining, as well as mountaintop removal. Underground mining can cause natural gas explosions and pollution's. Open pit mining ruins the landscape and creates dangerous quarries that end up being garbage pits further polluting the area.
Open-Pit Mining. Open-pit mining, or open-cast mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.. This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunneling into the earth, such as long wall mining.
Jul 10, 2019· Open-Pit Mining. Open-pit mining can also be identified as open-cast or open cut mining. The practice operates above ground, always at the surface, extracting minerals and rocks from the surface. Open-pit mining presents fewer dangers in comparison to underground mining …
The Actual Difference Between Surface and Underground Mining
Andrew P. Schissler, in Encyclopedia of Energy, 2004 2.3 Strip Mining. Strip mining is employed in coal reserves where the overburden is removed in rectangular blocks in plan view called pits or strips. The pits are parallel and adjacent to each other. Strip mining is fundamentally different from contour or area mining on how the overburden is displaced, called spoil handling.
1 Mining Methods Traditional mining methods fall into two broad categories based on locale: surface or underground. 1) Surface mining: includes i) Mechanical excavation methods; such as Open-pit and Strip mining. ii) Aqueous methods; such as placer and solution mining. 2) Underground mining: is usually classified in three categories of methods: ...
Mining Production Activities. 3. The advantages of open pit mining. There are a number of advantages of open pit mining when compared to Underground Mining: Open pits can sometimes be brought into production quickly. Underground mining requires development (shaft sinking, adits, declines etc.) which might take years before production can start.
Open-pit mining is the process of extracting rock or minerals from the earth through their removal from an open pit or borrow. Figure 8.8. Figure 8.8. Surface mining is usually used to develop coal seams and deposits of many other minerals, but their feasibilities vary with the nature of the body ore.