veloped to test these aggregates or to test concrete made with these aggregates. This test uses chunks of concrete or aggregate instead of crushed and powdered material. The chunks or pieces are treated with boiling water, which is then tested for chloride content. So far, the test appears to allow the use of harmless aggregates that would be re-
Chloride in concrete (BS 8500) BS 8500 Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206 requires that concrete should have a maximum chloride ion content by mass of cement depending on certain criteria. This is expressed as a chloride class e.g. Cl 0,40 The use of a comma, instead of a full stop . is how it is expressed in the main Standard BS EN 206.
This involves calculating the total chloride content based on measured chloride content of the materials and the concrete mixture proportions. If the calculated total chloride content is less than the specified limit, there is good assurance that the water-soluble chloride measured on hardened concrete will comply and this testing may be avoided.
construction standard for aggregates used in concrete (CS3) ... Magnesium sulphate soundness value of coarse natural aggregate, ≥ 94% ... The chloride ion content of natural aggregates and coarse recycled aggregate when combined in use, ≤ 0.05% by mass ...
6 Chloride Resistance of Concrete Figure 3.2 Variation of porosity with depth of concrete slabs cured using different methods (Gowripalan et al 5) The porosity or permeability of insitu concrete is highly dependent on the degrees of compaction and curing during placing and the early life of concrete …
It is estimated that between 50 and 75% of the total chloride content in the concrete will be water soluble and will impact the corrosion process. The maximum permissible chlorides concentration are in the range of 0.05 to 0.1% by weight of concrete, which is about 1.1 to 2.4 Kg/m 3 ( 2 to 4 lbs/yd 3 ).
Chlorides may be incorporated into the concrete through mixing water, chloride contaminated aggregates, or chloride containing admixtures, or, most commonly, from applications of chloride-containing deicing chemicals for concretes exposed to severe weather environments. Therefore, determination of chloride contents in concrete is important for ...
performance is comparable to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). Three different generations of repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete were produced using RCA as a replacement of natural coarse aggregate. Similar mix design was used for producing 32 MPa concrete. Along with this, their durability performance was examined under
Jan 20, 2018· Current Hong Kong standard "CS3: 2013 Aggregates for Concrete" still adopts the regulations in the canceled BS 882-1992 about the chloride content in compound aggregates including fine and coarse aggregates, which are: 0.01% for pre-stressed concrete and steam-cured structural concrete, 0.03% for structural concrete made with SRPC, 0.05% ...
DETERMINING CHLORIDE IN CONCRETE TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-617-J CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 5 – 14 LAST REVIEWED: OCTOBER 2014 7.5 Obtain the chloride and sulfate contents in ppm as determined by the ion chromatograph. Use conversion factors to convert back to 1 lb./cu. yd. of original concrete sample.
Sulf8Cem, the sulphate-resistant cement. With the help of our R&D teams in Johannesburg, Lafarge South Africa has developed and launched Sulf8Cem. This new low heat and sulphate resistant cement contains Portland clinker, over 36% selected quality siliceous fly ash, and high performance enhancing additives. Sulf8Cem has been certified to comply ...
Jul 07, 2015· Specifications usually put upper limits of SO 3 content in cement, aggregate and concrete. The upper limit of SO 3 content is calculated assuming that sulfates from all concrete ingredients have the same effect. Based on the results of an extensive experimental program, it is suggested to adopt the effective sulfate concept.
Feb 01, 1996· Q. We're designing a concrete structure in Egypt, and I received test results for the aggregate to be used in the concrete. The report lists chloride and sulfate content, but I don't know how to evaluate these numbers because ASTM C 33, "Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates," doesn't give limits for them.
performance requirements shall be used to demonstrate performance agai nst sulphate exposure (see Clauses 4.1.1.6.2, 4.2.1.1, and 4.2.1.3, and 4.2.1.4). Such combinations shall not be designated as blended cements. ** Type HS cement shall not be used in reinforced concrete exposed to both chloride and sulphates. Refer to Clause 4.1.1.6.3.
Thus, calcium chloride is not recommended for concrete exposed to sulphate attack. In certain instances it may be used in a concrete member exposed to a sea water environment, but its use should be determined by the function of the member and the severity of exposure (CSA A231-1973).
Conventional Sulfate Attack Sulfate + C-A-H = 3CaO.Al 2 O 3.3CaSO 4.31H 2 O (ettringite) Result is expansion C-S-H ... recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and secondary aggregates ... Aggregate and cement content • Size of aggregate impacts on cement content
SANS 201:2008. Sieve analysis fines, content and dust content of aggregates. SANS 202:2006. Chloride content of aggregates. SANS 794:2009. Aggregates of low density. SANS 1083:2014. Aggregates from natural sources - Aggregates for concrete. SANS 1090:2009. Aggregates from natural sources - Fine aggregates for plaster and mortar. SANS 3001-AG1:2014.
10%· The combined effect of sulphates present in aggregates and high levels of chloride ions in the mixing water on some properties of concrete was studied. Different amounts of sulphates in sand (0.38, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% SO3) with chloride contents in water (50, 750, 1000, 3000 and 6000 p.p.m. as Cl−) were used. The compressive strength was lower for concrete with higher sulphate contents …
4.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.
Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures Chloride content: Sl. No. Type of use of concrete Max.Chloride Kg/Cum 1 Concrete containing metal, Steam Cured PSC 0.4 2 RCC or PCC with embedded metal 0.6 3 Concrete not containing embedded metal or any material requiring protection from chloride 3.0
Chloride Content : 0 – 1.2 kg/m 3. 0.6 – 7.1 kg/m 3: Shape and Texture RCA aggregates, both coarse and fine, tend to be very angular and rough due to the crushing of the aggregate particles and the presence of cement paste that continues to cling to the surfaces of the aggregate. Concrete mixes with angular and rough particles tend ...
steel in concrete. (55807) Table 2. Maximum Chloride Ion Content of Concrete (ACI 318) Maximum Type of Member Cl-* Prestressed concrete 0.06 Reinforced concrete exposed to chloride in service 0.15 Reinforced concrete that will be dry or protected from moisture in service 1.00 Other reinforced concrete construction 0.30
Jan 14, 2017· Internal sulfate attack occurs when a source of sulfate is incorporated in the concrete when mixing like excess gypsum in cement, sulfate in the aggregate…
Reinforced concrete in wet conditions 0.10 0.08 0.08 Reinforced concrete in dry conditions 0.20 0.15 0.15 . Normally, concrete ingredients are evaluated for chloride content using either ASTM C 1152, "Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete" or ASTM C 1218, "Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete". If the ingredients meet
Sulfate in concrete Excessive amounts of mobile sulfate, derived from aggregates or other constituents in concrete, can cause disruption due to expansion. BS 8110 part 1 Structural use of concrete, 1985, had a limit of 4% by mass of cement based on the total acid soluble sulfate method expressed as SO 3 (clauses 6.2.5.3).
The combined effect of sulphates present in aggregates and high levels of chloride ions in the mixing water on some properties of concrete was studied. Different amounts of sulphates in sand (0.38, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% SO3) with chloride contents in water (50, 750, 1000, 3000 and 6000 p.p.m. as Cl−) were used. The compressive strength was ...
Key quality control criteria for recycled aggregates used in concrete include of course grain size distribution, grain shape, the fines content, specific mass, chloride and sulphate content, alkali-silica reactive material (glass), organic components influencing setting and hardening time and "soft' components, such as plastics and wood.
chloride concentration in the abkha soils are approximately five to six times as high as those in typical seawater (3). The high salt concentrations, particularly those of chlorides and sulfates, are highly corrosive to both concrete and steel. More over, the conjoint prevalence of chloride and sulfate salts 0. …